Mumps: Highyield Dental Notes

Mumps: Highyield Dental Notes for NBDE & NEET MDS Preparation & Dental Board Exams

Overview:

• Etiology: Mumps is a viral infection caused by a virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Rubulavirus.
• Transmission: Spread through respiratory droplets, saliva, and urine.
• Incubation Period: Typically 16-18 days, ranging from 2 to 4 weeks. (ref)
• Contagious Period: From 1 day before symptoms appear to 14 days after resolution.

Epidemiology:

• Seasonality: More common in winter and spring in temperate climates.
• Pre-Vaccine Era: Frequent epidemics; 90% of infections occurred before age 15.
• Vaccination Impact: Introduction of the MMR vaccine dramatically reduced the incidence of mumps.
• Recent Trends: Occasional outbreaks, particularly among vaccinated populations in college settings.

Clinical Features:

• Subclinical Infections: Approximately 30% of cases.
• Symptoms: Prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, followed by painful salivary gland swelling, primarily the parotids.
• Complications: Epididymo-orchitis in males, oophoritis in females, pancreatitis, CNS involvement like meningitis, and rare deafness.

Diagnosis:

• Clinical Presentation: Typical in epidemic settings.
• Laboratory Tests: Mumps-specific IgM, IgG titer rise, viral culture, and PCR from salivary duct secretions.

Treatment:

• Management: Primarily supportive; includes analgesics, hydration, and avoidance of sour foods to reduce salivary stimulation.
• Vaccination: Critical for prevention; two doses of MMR are standard, with discussions on the necessity of a third dose during outbreaks.

Mnemonics for Memorizing Mumps Features:

• “MUMPS” Mnemonic:
  • M – Mumps virus
  • U – Unilateral or bilateral parotid enlargement
  • M – MMR vaccine for prevention
  • P – Painful swelling of salivary glands
  • S – Subclinical infections are common

Summary Table for Quick Revision:

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